Which of the following is not a section commonly found in empirical journal articles?

In empirical journal articles, the structure typically follows a standard format that includes various essential sections to provide a comprehensive overview of the research. The literature review, methods, and discussion sections are fundamental components of these articles.

The literature review outlines existing research related to the study, helping to frame the context and rationale for the new investigation. The methods section details the specific procedures, instruments, and processes used in the study, ensuring that the research can be understood and potentially replicated by others. The discussion section interprets the results, exploring their implications, how they relate to prior research, and suggesting areas for future study.

Conversely, a table of contents is not a standard section that researchers include in empirical journal articles. While it can be found in some books or lengthy reports to guide readers through the content, most journal articles are concise and structured in a way that allows readers to easily navigate through established sections without requiring a separate table of contents. Therefore, identifying the lack of a table of contents as not typically included in empirical journal articles is accurate.