What is the purpose of a literature review in a research paper?

The purpose of a literature review in a research paper is to summarize current knowledge and identify gaps in existing research. This component of the research serves multiple important functions. Firstly, it contextualizes the current study within the wider body of existing literature, allowing researchers to demonstrate an understanding of the relevant theories, frameworks, and previous findings related to their topic. By critically analyzing and synthesizing previous research, the literature review reveals the state of knowledge in a particular area, highlighting what has already been discussed and explored.

Additionally, identifying gaps in the literature is crucial as it helps to justify the necessity of the new research. When a researcher can pinpoint areas where little or no research exists, or where findings are inconsistent, this not only underscores the importance of their own study but also suggests potential contributions to the field. Ultimately, a well-conducted literature review lays the groundwork for the research question or hypothesis and informs the development of the study's methodology and scope.