What is an argument in formal research writing?

In formal research writing, an argument is primarily understood as a statement about what is true and why it is true. This definition emphasizes the importance of presenting a clear, reasoned claim backed by evidence, which is essential in academic discourse. Arguments are constructed through logical reasoning and the use of supporting data, which allow the author to convince readers of the validity of their claims.

This structured approach goes beyond personal opinions or individual beliefs; it seeks to establish a persuasive case based on research findings, theoretical frameworks, or empirical evidence. By articulating why a statement is deemed true, researchers contribute to the academic conversation, allowing others to engage with and evaluate the claims presented.

In contrast, a collection of personal opinions lacks the objective foundation that an argument requires; it does not provide the critical analysis or reliance on data that formal research prioritizes. A hypothesis, while it may be a starting point for research, does not equate to an argument as it is typically yet to be tested and validated. Lastly, the conclusion of a research project summarizes findings rather than serves as the argument itself; it concludes discussions rather than initiates persuasive dialogue. Thus, the focus on articulating and supporting a specific claim underlines why this understanding of an argument is central to