What does the term "sampling bias" indicate in research?

Sampling bias refers to a distortion in research findings that occurs when the sample selected for a study is not representative of the larger population from which it was drawn. This can result in results that do not accurately reflect the characteristics or behaviors of the population as a whole. For instance, if a study on social work practices primarily includes participants from one demographic group—such as age, gender, or socio-economic status—it may overlook important variations found in other groups, leading to skewed conclusions.

In context, when a sample is biased, the findings can be misleading, affecting the validity and generalizability of the research. Recognizing sampling bias is critical because it guides researchers to adopt better sampling techniques that ensure a more representative cross-section of the population, ultimately enhancing the reliability of their conclusions.