In a research context, what does the term 'sample' usually refer to?

In research, the term 'sample' refers to a subset of the population selected for the study. This is essential because gathering data from an entire population can be impractical or impossible due to constraints such as time, cost, and accessibility. By selecting a sample, researchers can conduct their studies more efficiently while still aiming to draw conclusions that can be generalized to the larger population.

The sample is carefully chosen to represent the characteristics of the population as closely as possible, which enhances the validity of the research findings. This process often involves specific sampling methods to ensure that the sample accurately reflects the diversity and nuances of the population being studied. Using a well-defined sample allows researchers to gather meaningful data and insights without needing to survey every individual within the population.