How can constructs be defined in research?

Constructs in research are defined by utilizing both direct and indirect observables, which allows for a more comprehensive understanding. Direct observables refer to specific, tangible elements that can be measured or seen, such as behaviors or responses in a controlled setting. Indirect observables, on the other hand, involve more abstract concepts that may be inferred from data, such as attitudes, beliefs, or motivations that cannot be measured directly but can be assessed through surveys, interviews, or behavioral proxies.

By incorporating both types of observables, researchers can capture the complexity of the constructs they are studying. This dual approach enhances the validity of the research, as it acknowledges that constructs like mental health, social support, or resilience are multidimensional and cannot be fully captured through direct observations alone. This method allows for a richer, more nuanced analysis of the constructs, ultimately leading to more reliable and generalizable findings in social work practice and research.